This will be the first of five unsuccessful attempts at designing a direct entry calculating clock in the 17th century (including the designs of Tito Burattini, Samuel Morland and René Grillet)).

Gottfried Leibniz improved the earlier machines, making the Stepped Reckoner to do multiplication and division.

What finally prompted their resurgence was cheaper manufacturing processes, and the main bobblehead material switched, this time from ceramic to plastic.

After rock and roll started ( see one of my other webpages): 1950's teens struggling to be heard 2.

1950's Clothing Before Rock and Roll: very conservative clothing.

by discovering the true nature of the gods, man has been able to reproduce it." Mosaic law prohibits the use of automatons in religion.

Ramon Llull, Spanish theologian invents the Ars Magna, a tool for combining concepts mechanically, based on an Arabic astrological tool, the Zairja.